Subgingival pathogens in chronic periodontitis patients affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective case-control study
Montevecchi Marco, Valeriani Leoluca, Gatto Maria Rosaria, D’Alessandro Giovanni, Piana Gabriela,
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( Montevecchi Marco ) - University of Bologna School of Dentistry Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences
( Valeriani Leoluca ) - University of Bologna School of Dentistry Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences
( Gatto Maria Rosaria ) - University of Bologna School of Dentistry Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences
( D’Alessandro Giovanni ) - University of Bologna School of Dentistry Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences
( Piana Gabriela ) - University of Bologna School of Dentistry Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and bacterial load of 6 main periodontal pathogens between pairs of periodontal patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans genotypes were also investigated.
Methods: Twenty patients affected by chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes were retrospectively selected and matched to 20 patients without diabetes on the basis of the degree and severity of periodontal disease. Microbiological data of subgingival biofilms were analysed and compared for the examined pathogens: A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Tannerella forsythia.
Results: The pairs were balanced in terms of demographic and clinical parameters, except for bleeding on probing and suppuration. In the microbiological test sites (4 for each patient), the mean probing pocket depth was 6.34±1.63 mm in patients with diabetes and 6.41±1.78 mm in patients without diabetes. No significant difference between pairs in the prevalence of P. gingivalis or the distribution of its genotypes was recorded. Patients with diabetes had a significantly greater amount of total bacterial load, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia, and F. nucleatum (P<0.05). Moreover, patients with diabetes had a higher number of sites with a greater cell count than patients without diabetes. When compared to the total bacterial load, only T. forsythia maintained its relative load in patients with diabetes (P=0.001).
Conclusions: This retrospective matched study supports the hypothesis that microbiological differences exist among periodontal patients with and without diabetes mellitus.
키워드
Periodontitis; Type 2 diabetes; Tannerella forsythia; Microbiology
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