Porosity and pore size distribution in high-viscosity and conventional glass ionomer cements: a micro-computed tomography study
Neves Aline Borburema, Lopes Laisa Inara Gracindo, Bergstrom Tamiris Gomes, da Silva Saddock Sa, Lopes Ricardo Tadeu, de Almeida Neves Aline,
소속 상세정보
( Neves Aline Borburema ) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro School of Dentistry Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics
( Lopes Laisa Inara Gracindo ) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro School of Dentistry Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics
( Bergstrom Tamiris Gomes ) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro School of Dentistry Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics
( da Silva Saddock Sa ) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation
( Lopes Ricardo Tadeu ) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation
( de Almeida Neves Aline ) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro School of Dentistry Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to compare and evaluate the porosity and pore size distribution of high-viscosity glass ionomer cements (HVGICs) and conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).
Materials and Methods: Forty cylindrical specimens (n = 10) were produced in standardized molds using HVGICs and conventional GICs (Ketac Molar Easymix, Vitro Molar, MaxxionR, and Riva Self-Cure). The specimens were prepared according to ISO 9917-1 standards, scanned in a high-energy micro-CT device, and reconstructed using specific parameters. After reconstruction, segmentation procedures, and image analysis, total porosity and pore size distribution were obtained for specimens in each group. After checking the normality of the data distribution, the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test was used to detect differences in porosity among the experimental groups with a 5% significance level.
Results: Ketac Molar Easymix showed statistically significantly lower total porosity (0.15%) than MaxxionR (0.62%), Riva (0.42%), and Vitro Molar (0.57%). The pore size in all experimental cements was within the small-size range (< 0.01 mm3), but Vitro Molar showed statistically significantly more pores/defects with a larger size (> 0.01 mm3).
Conclusions: Major differences in porosity and pore size were identified among the evaluated GICs. Among these, the Ketac Molar Easymix HVGIC showed the lowest porosity and void size.
키워드
Glass ionomer cements; Porosity; X-ray microtomography
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