Assessment of the correlation between various risk factors and orofacial cleft disorder spectrum: a retrospective case-control study
Cheshmi Behzad, Jafari Zahra, Naseri Mohammad Ali, Davari Heidar Ali,
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( Cheshmi Behzad ) - Islamic Azad University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine
( Jafari Zahra ) - Islamic Azad University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine
( Naseri Mohammad Ali ) - Islamic Azad University Broujerd Branch Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
( Davari Heidar Ali ) - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Craniofacial and Cleft Research Center
Abstract
Background: Orofacial clefts (OFCs) comprise a wide range of malformations, including cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip with cleft palate, which can vary in terms of etiology, severity, and disease burden.
Objective(s): This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between various risk factors and orofacial cleft disorder spectrum in newborns.
Study design: A total of 323 cases and 400 controls were enrolled in this study and evaluated in terms of the maternal history of abortion or miscarriage, child¡¯s sex, maternal and paternal age, maternal history of systemic disease, history of medication therapy during pregnancy, birth order, consanguineous marriage, and complications during pregnancy.
Results: Analysis of the results suggested that consanguineous marriage, a maternal history of abortion/miscarriage, and complications during pregnancy could potentially increase the risk of OFCs in children (P < 0.05). However, the analyses revealed that the other variables could not potentially increase the risk of OFCs (P > 0.05).
Conclusion(s): Multiple cofactors may simultaneously contribute to the formation of such abnormalities; therefore, a comprehensive, multidisciplinary care program is necessary to ensure a successful pregnancy period and the birth of a healthy newborn.
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Cleft lip; Cleft palate; Orofacial cleft; Miscarriage; Abortion; Pregnancy
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